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Butterflies of Zihuatanejo

SUPERFAMILY PAPILIONOIDEA

-Animals (Kingdom Animalia)

-Arthropods (Phylum Arthropoda)

-Hexapods (Subphylum Hexapoda)

-Insects (Class Insecta)

-Winged and Once-winged Insects (Subclass Pterygota)

-Butterflies and Moths (Order Lepidoptera)

-Butterflies (Superfamily Papilionoidea)

-Brush-footed Butterflies (Family Nymphalidae)

-Tropical Brushfoots (Subfamily Biblidinae)

-Tribe Ageroniini

-Cracker Butterflies (Genus Hamadryas)

-Glaucous Cracker (Hamadryas glauconome)

-Hamadryas glauconome ssp. glauconome


The Glaucous Cracker (Hamadryas glauconome) is a fascinating butterfly in the Nymphalidae family, known for its cryptic coloration and unique behaviors. Like other members of the Hamadryas genus, it is known for the "cracking" sound males produce, which is part of their courtship behavior. The upper side of the wings is a mottled mix of pale gray, blue-gray, and white, resembling lichen-covered bark. This excellent camouflage helps the butterfly blend into tree trunks.

Diet

  • Caterpillars: Feed primarily on vines of the spurge family. Eggs are laid singly along the stems and leaf stalks of the host plant.

  • Adults: Do not normally visit flowers. They obtain nutrients from rotting fruit, tree sap, carrion, and mud.

Range

  • The Glaucous Cracker occurs from Mexico through Central America to Costa Rica, with its principal range extending through much of Mexico.

  • It occurs in the Zihua area; the species is associated with the warm, open woodland and tropical vegetation characteristic of the region.

Habitat

  • Found in open tropical woodland, forest edges, dry forest, and semi-arid areas with scattered trees.

  • It can tolerate relatively dry conditions and is often encountered in habitats that combine open ground with enough mature trees for adults to use as perches.

  • Adults characteristically perch head downward on tree trunks with their wings spread flat, where their mottled coloration provides remarkable camouflage.

Description

  • A medium-sized cracker with a wingspan of approximately 70–86 mm.

  • The upper wings are intricately mottled gray, brown, cream, and whitish, producing an excellent bark-like camouflage pattern.

  • A particularly useful characteristic is the pale, chalky-white area on the outer portion of the forewing, especially well developed in many males. In southern populations it can form a broad, relatively continuous patch, while farther north in Mexico it tends to become more broken and mottled.

  • Unlike the very similar Gray Cracker (Hamadryas februa), the forewing cell bar of H. glauconome is generally narrower and lacks the conspicuous red coloration found in H. februa.

  • The hindwing underside has a row of small eyespots containing orange scales, another useful feature distinguishing it from many other crackers.

  • The sexes are broadly similar, although males generally show the strongest development of the pale forewing patch.

Glaucous Cracker - Female

Hamadryas glauconome

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