• Animals (Kingdom Animalia)

• Arthropods (Phylum Arthropoda)

• Hexapods (Subphylum Hexapoda)

• Insects (Class Insecta)

• Winged and Once-winged Insects (Subclass Pterygota)

• Butterflies and Moths (Order Lepidoptera)

• Butterflies (Superfamily Papilionoidea)

• Brush-footed Butterflies (Family Nymphalidae)

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Family Nymphalidae, commonly known as the brush-footed butterflies, is the largest family of butterflies within the superfamily Papilionoidea, comprising more than 6,000 species distributed throughout the world. Members of this family are characterized by their reduced forelegs, which are often brush-like and not used for walking, giving the appearance that adults have only four functional legs. Nymphalids exhibit remarkable diversity in size, coloration, and wing patterns, ranging from brilliantly coloured tropical species to cryptically patterned butterflies that blend into their surroundings.