• Plants (Kingdom Plantae)

• Vascular Plants (Phylum Tracheophyta)

• Flowering Plants (Subphylum Angiospermae)

  Dicots (Class Magnoliopsida)

  Gentians, Dogbanes, Madders, and Allies (Order Gentianales)

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Order Gentianales is a large and diverse order of flowering plants (angiosperms) comprising more than 20,000 species distributed throughout tropical, subtropical, and temperate regions of the world. Members of this order include herbs, shrubs, vines, trees, and a few aquatic plants, many of which are notable for producing biologically active compounds such as alkaloids, iridoids, and cardiac glycosides. Members of Gentianales occupy habitats ranging from tropical rainforests and savannas to alpine meadows and wetlands, where they provide nectar, pollen, fruits, and foliage for a wide variety of insects, birds, and mammals.