• Animals (Kingdom Animalia)

• Arthropods (Phylum Arthropoda)

• Hexapods (Subphylum Hexapoda)

• Insects (Class Insecta)

• Winged and Once-winged Insects (Subclass Pterygota)

• Beetles (Order Coleoptera​​)

• Water, Rove, Scarab, Long-horned, Leaf, and Snout Beetles (Suborder Polyphaga)

• Cucujiform Beetles (Infraorder Cucujiformia)

• Leaf Beetles and Allies (Superfamily Chrysomeloidea)

• Leaf Beetles (Family Chrysomelidae)

• Tortoise and Hispine Beetles (Subfamily Cassidinae)

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Subfamily Cassidinae comprises the tortoise beetles and hispine beetles, a large and diverse group within the family Chrysomelidae. Members of this subfamily exhibit a remarkable range of forms. The tortoise beetles are often rounded, flattened, and shield-like, with the expanded margins of the pronotum and wing covers concealing the head and legs, giving them a turtle-like appearance. Many species display metallic gold, green, bronze, or multicolored patterns. The hispine beetles are generally more elongated and may possess spines or ridges on the body.